THE LEVEL OF DEPRESSION AMONG PARENTS OF AUTISM CHILDREN: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY

Ikeu Nurhidayah, Nisa Lailatun Noor Ambya, Fanny Adistie, Nur Oktavia Hidayati

Abstract


ABSTRACT

Background: Caring for a child with autism in the family is a long-term challenge for the parents that impact physical and psychological health. Negative psychological problems that occur continuously will result in depression to the parents.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the level of depression in parents who have children with autism at four schools of special needs children (SLB Risantya, SLB Autis Prananda, SLB Jatis Hurip, and SLB D YPAC at Great Bandung Region.

Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling method used was total sampling, and 39 respondents were obtained. The instrument used was Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) standard instrument in the Indonesian version.

Result: This study showed that 76,9% of parents who have children with autism had minimal depression/normal, 12,8%  of mild depression,  7,7% of moderate depression, and 2,6% of severe depression.

Conclusion: The Conclusions of this study indicate that many parents who have children with autism were at minimal/normal depression. However, there were still 2.6% of respondents in severe depression. Nurses needed to provide nursing care that focuses on families, such as counselling and sustainably doing depression screening to parents who have children with autism.


Keywords


Autism; depression; parents

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abbeduto, L., Seltzer, M. M., Shattuck, P., & Murphy, M. M. (2004). Psychological Well-Being and Coping in Mothers of Youths With Autism , Down Syndrome , or Fragile X Syndrome. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 109(3), 237–254. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2004)109<237:PWACIM>2.0.CO;2

American Psychiatric Association. (2018). Autism Spectrum Disorder. Retrieved January 5, 2019, from https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/autism/what-is-autism-spectrum-disorder

Beck, A., Steer, R., & Brown, G. (1996). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio: TX: Psychological Corporation.

Benson, P. R. (2006). The Impact of Child Symptom Severity on Depressed Mood Among Parents of Children with ASD: The Mediating Role of Stress Proliferation. J Autism Dev Disord, 36, 685–695. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0112-3

Bitsika, V., & Sharpley, C. F. (2017). Stress, Anxiety and Depression Among Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Australian Journal of Guidance & Counselling Volume, 14(2), 151–161.

Brown, M. A. N. N. (2014). Caregiver Depression and Social Support in Families with Children with Autism. University of Oregon.

Catur, N. W. M. (2017). Hubungan Antara Stres Pengasuhan dan Penerimaan Orang Tua terhadap Kualitas Hidup pada Ibu dengan Anak Gangguan Spektrum Autisme. Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) : Data & Statistics. Retrieved December 16, 2018, from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html

Das, S., Das, B., Nath, K., Dutta, A., Bora, P., & Hazarika, M. (2017). Impact of stress, coping, social support, and resilience of families having children with autism: A North East India-based study. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 28, 133–139. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2017.03.040

Family Caregiver Alliance. (2006). Caregiver Assessment: Voices and Views from the Field Report from a National Consensus Development Conference (Vol. II). San Franciisco: Author. Retrieved from https://www.caregiver.org/caregiver/jsp/content/pdfs/v2_consensus.pdf%0A%0A

Festini, F. (2014). Family-Centered Care. Italian Journal Of Pediatrics, 40(Suppl 1), 2014. https://doi.org/10.1186/1824-7288-40-S1-A33

Ginting, H., Näringa, G., Velda, W. M. van der, Srisayektic, W., & Becker, E. S. (2013). Validating the Beck Depression Inventory-II in Indonesia’s general population and coronary heart disease patients. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 13, 235–242. Retrieved from www.elsevier.es/ijchp

Imtihana, T. (2018). Kualitas Hidup Orang Tua Dengan Anak Disabilitas Di Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) Negeri Cileunyi. Universitas Padjadjaran.

Jatirahayu, R. (2017). Dampak psikologis pada caregiver afasia. Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta.

Kozier, B., Erb, G., Berman, A., & Snyder, S. J. (2010). Fundamentals Of Nursing: Concepts, Process, And Practice. (D. W. et Al., Ed.) (7 Vol. 1). Jakarta: EGC Medical Publisher.

Lerthattasilp, T., & Charernboon, T. (2015). Depression and Burden among Caregivers of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder. J Med Assoc Thai, 98(9), 45–52. Retrieved from ttp://www.jmatonline.com

Lin, L. (2015). Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders Coping strategies , caregiving burden , and depressive symptoms of Taiwanese mothers of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 15–16, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2015.04.002

Muhith, A. (2015). Pendidikan Keperawatan Jiwa: Teori dan Aplikasi (1st ed.). Yogyakarta: Penerbit ANDI.

Nisa, Z. N. C. (2017). Strategi Coping Orang Tua Yang Memiliki Anak Autis. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Retrieved from eprints.ums.ac.id/48983/12/Naskah Publikasi-zain.pdf%0A%0A

Pisula, E. (2011). A Comprehensive Book on Autism Spectrum Disorders : Parenting Stress in Mothers and Fathers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Croatia: InTech.

Pisula, E., & Porębowicz-Do¨rsmann, A. (2017). Family functioning, parenting stress and quality of life in mothers and fathers of Polish children with high functioning autism or Asperger syndrome. PLoS ONE, 12(10), 1–19.

Qolina, E., Hamid, A. Y. S., & Wardani, I. Y. (2011). Pengaruh Psikoedukasi Keluarga Terhadap Ansietas Dan Depresi Keluarga Yang Mempunyai Anak Dengan Autis Di Sekolah Khusus Autis Harapan Utama Ananda Depok. Jurnal JKFT: Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangeran, 2(2009), 90–97.

Setiawan, J. L., & Sukamto, M. E. (2007). Hubungan antara kecerdasan emosional dan depresi pada ibu yang memiliki anak dengan gangguan autisme. PSIKOLOGIKA, XI(23).

Seymour, M., Wood, C., Giallo, R., & Jellett, R. (2013). Fatigue, stress and coping in mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(7), 1547–1554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1701-y

Singh, P., Ghosh, S., & Nandi, S. (2017). Subjective Burden and Depression in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in India : Moderating Effect of Social Support. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(10), 3097–3111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3233-y

Stuart, G. W. (2013). Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing (9th edition). St Louis. Canada: Mosby.Inc.

Tarabek, J. (2011). Relationship satisfaction and mental health of parents of children with autism: A comparison of autism, ADHD, and normative children. Virginia Tech.

Wardani, D. S. (2009). Strategi Coping Orang Tua Menghadapi Anak Autis. Jurnal Ilmiah Berkala Psikologi (Indigenous), 11(1), 26–35.

World Health Organization. (2011). Disability : World Report On Disability. Retrieved December 23, 2018, from https://www.who.int/disabilities/world_report/2011/report/en/

Yosep, H. I., & Sutini, T. (2014). Buku Ajar Keperawatan Jiwa dan Advance Mental Health Nursing. (M. D. Wildani, Ed.). Bandung: PT Refika Aditama.

Yulianti, A. R., Soewandi, & Sumami. (2011). Dukungan Sosial Hubungannya dengan Kejadian Depresi pada Ibu yang Mempunyai Anak Gangguan Hiperkinetik. Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat, 27(3), 144–149.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.26751/jikk.v13i1.1161

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Universitas Muhammadiyah Kudus
Jl. Ganesha Raya No. 1 Purwosari Kudus 59316
Tel/ Fax +62-291-437218   Email : lppm@umku.ac.id

Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kebidanan Indexed by:

                  

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.